![]() Another cause for protected area conflicts are when wildlife damages the livelihoods of people (Soliku & Schraml, 2018), which has been extensively studied in the field of human-wildlife interactions (Ceauşu, Graves, Killion, Svenning, & Carter, 2019 Hodgson, Redpath, Sandström, & Biggs, 2020 König et al., 2020 Nyhus, 2016 Teixeira et al., 2020 Treves, Wallace, Naughton-Treves, & Morales, 2006). Projects prone to resentment and management failure are those where conservation objectives and land use restrictions are imposed on local people. Often, this has fueled conflicts (i.e., two or more concerned parties compete in their interests and have different perceptions of these interests) (Rechciński, Tusznio, & Grodzińska-Jurczak, 2019). Despite their key function for conservation, the legal designation of protected areas inevitably involves limitations to stakeholders' opportunities to use and gain income from the land. Accordingly, designating new protected areas and sustaining existing ones are key tools for halting biodiversity loss (Di Marco et al., 2016). Our case study demonstrates that Net-Map is a valid tool to analyze human-crane interactions, which is critical to ensure acceptance of legal restrictions to land use as well as crane conservation.Īs the destruction of natural habitats continues to threaten wildlife populations, reducing the negative impact of human activities is an important aim of conservation (Oldekop, Holmes, Harris, & Evans, 2016). We attribute local farmers' increased level of environmental stewardship to two key schemes: a community-led farming project generating financial incentives and a communication channel for stakeholders. More than 80% of stakeholders included in this study supported crane conservation initiatives. Our results identify 44 stakeholders whose trust relations occurred twice as often as conflicts. To answer these questions, we conducted participatory Net-Map interviews and identified stakeholders with a powerful role in crane conservation. ![]() This paper aims to clarify relevant stakeholders' interconnection and their motives that have led them to either promote or inhibit crane conservation in the Cheorwon Basin of the CCZ. Yet varying land use demands on the CCZ by stakeholders have caused disagreements in achieving cooperative crane conservation. ![]() In the Civilian Control Zone (CCZ) of the Republic of Korea (ROK), military control has created an accidental sanctuary for the world's rarest crane species: the white-naped crane ( Antigone vipio) and the red-crowned crane ( Grus japonensis). Biodiversity conservation in protected areas requires strict legal limitations to land use.
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